So far, people know the septic tank as a shelter for feces. However, after searching for information from various sources, a septic tank is an underwater sedimentation tank used for wastewater treatment. Waste is processed through biological decomposition (destruction of structures or structures by decomposers such as grubs, bacteria or fungi) and water disposal.
Septic tanks are usually used in areas that have poor drainage systems or are outside the main drainage network. Waste water and sewage are collected in one large underground tank. As for urban areas, waste is usually handled and transported through the sewage system. This is managed by a regional water company.
The Performance
A simple household septic tank installation, a simple design that is a waterproof container made of fiberglass or plastic. The tank is connected by two pipes for the entrance of all wastes and a pipe for the output of water treated by septic tanks.
After some time, the waste will separate in three layers. The top layer is in the form of oil and all floating scum. The second layer is liquid waste with all garbage particles in it (liquid sewage). The last layer contains particles that settle (sludge).
In the tank, bacteria from wastewater break down solid waste. Solid waste decomposes quickly so the liquid can separate and can flow out easily.
Treatment
Over time, the topmost layers of waste and deposits will accumulate. Garbage and sediment must be released periodically at least once a year. You can find toilet or fecal suction services to do this task.
If regular maintenance is not carried out, poisons and antibacterial substances will destroy the waste decomposing bacteria. Even worse, the tank can overflow so that what is supposed to be inside the septic tank instead comes out of the toilet and the water channel. If overflow is wasted outside it can contaminate ground water. Overflow of sewage can carry harmful bacteria and diseases such as hepatitis. In addition, the accumulation of methane gas and other gases in the septic tank is also dangerous for both health and safety.
Things to Consider Before Making
Size
First, make sure that the septic tank will be made according to its size with the capacity of the occupants of the house. Calculate the potential liquid waste of each occupant in the house by means of an assumption. After the potential waste figure is obtained, you multiply that number by the number of residents of the house. So that it will be known the amount of potential domestic liquid waste that must be accommodated. That way, you can estimate what size septic tank should be chosen. Because the more residents of the house, the greater the septic tank being prepared. Size is a very important aspect in the design of a good septic tank so that the installed septic tank can be durable and not easily full.
Pipe size
To make a good septic tank construction, you must use a toilet with a large pipe size so that there is no problem of clogged waste. At least, the pipe size used is 4 inches. Also, don’t make pipes that have too many turns. This is done so that the dirt can flow without a hitch. In addition, the drainage pipe used must also have sufficient slope and elevation so that waste can flow quickly to the septic tank.